Making History Come Alive Newsletter Offers Eugene Bullard is a remarkable figure in history, celebrated as the first African American fighter pilot
His life story is one of resilience, courage, and breaking racial barriers during a time when both military service and aviation were largely inaccessible to Black Americans. Below is a comprehensive overview of his life, achievements, and legacy.
Early Life
Background:
- Eugene Jacques Bullard was born on October 9, 1895, in Columbus, Georgia. He was the son of a formerly enslaved African American mother and a father of mixed heritage, which included French and Native American ancestry. His upbringing in the segregated South was challenging, as racial discrimination was rampant.
Runaway to Freedom:
- At the age of 11, Bullard ran away from home to escape the oppressive environment of the Jim Crow South. He traveled to various cities, experiencing a range of jobs and adventures. His journey eventually led him to France, where he found a sense of belonging and opportunity.
World War I and Aviation
Joining the French Foreign Legion:
- When World War I broke out, Bullard enlisted in the French Foreign Legion in 1914. His service was marked by bravery and commitment, and he fought in several key battles on the Western Front. He was wounded multiple times, demonstrating exceptional courage and resilience.
Becoming a Fighter Pilot:
- After recovering from his injuries, Bullard was transferred to the aviation branch of the French military. In 1917, he became a fighter pilot and flew for the Lafayette Flying Corps, a group of American volunteer pilots who fought for France. He flew various aircraft, including the Nieuport 28, and gained recognition for his skill and bravery in combat.
Combat Achievements:
- Bullard achieved notable success as a pilot, claiming at least two confirmed aerial victories during the war. His contributions were significant, and he was awarded several medals for his service, including the Croix de Guerre, a prestigious French military honor.
Post-War Years
Return to Civilian Life:
- After World War I, Bullard returned to France, where he settled in Paris. He became involved in the vibrant expatriate community and pursued various endeavors, including work as a professional boxer and a nightclub owner. His establishment, "Le Grand Duc," became a popular venue for American expatriates and featured prominent performers of the time.
Racial Barriers in the U.S.:
- Despite his achievements in France, Bullard faced racial discrimination upon returning to The U.S.